| Molecule | Other Names | |
|---|---|---|
| Acetic Acid | Ethanoic Acid | Found in vinegar |
| Menthol | Flavoring and Medication | |
| Vanillin | Flavoring | |
| Oxygen | Dioxygen | Important for energy generation (approx. 21% of air) |
| Nitrogen | The major component of air (approx. 79%); Unreactive | |
| Carbon Dioxide | Greenhouse gas; Carbon source for plants | |
| Aspirin | Acetylsalicylic Acid | |
| Urea | Carbonyl Diamide | Present in urine to excrete excess nitrogen |
| Ascorbic Acid | Vitamin C | Essential for the human diet |
| Methane | Marsh Gas; Natural Gas | A fuel and a source for hydrogen gas production |
| Ammonia | Hydrogen Nitride | Important in food production and biosynthesis |
| Water | H2O | The medium of life |
| Butane | A common liquefied petroleum gas | |
| Glucose | Dextrose; Blood Sugar | |
| Fructose | Fruit Sugar; Levulose | |
| Sucrose | White Sugar; Table Sugar |